Usually your passport will be handed over to you only when the ship start sailing from Victoria / Canada. So it is better you inform the cruise company while booking or while check-in at the pier before your journey begins.
Be sure to have your passport
Yes you can . You have tell to the cruise authorities and pass through customs.
Usually if you don't make it back to the ship before they leave it is you're responsibility to arrange for your own way back home. They will not wait nor look for you. But the issue is your luggage, they will not check it out for you midway. Better to call and confirm if they can make an exception for you.
I would call the cruise line and ask.
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