I live outside the Anderson city limits. What can be done about a dog being left chained up outside and barking for hours ?

As long as the dog has food and water, it is legal to have a dog chained. Since you said for hours as opposed to always, the dog is taken in at some point. I had a Madison County Sheriff e-mail me Madison County ordinances in regard to dogs. People have the audacity to stop on the road, in front of this house, and tell me all kinds of craziness about having my dogs chained. But, they are Pitbulls, and I can't afford fencing. It is irritating that people stop and "complain", about the only outside time my dogs get. Stating all kinds of lies that are in their heads, and are not laws and ordinances. Dogs bark... Eventhough that may be an obnoxious problem to you, it is a fact. What if these same neighbors had a swimming pool, and children were laughing and screaming while having an amazing time? Sometimes, although inconvenient, we have to learn to be tolerant of some things. Why don't you go try to comfort the dog? Go buy,, or make it a toy to play with. Don't punish it for being a dog.

First you have to file a noise complaint, then if it doesn't stop, you have to go to small claims court, or you could just call the aspca, either way should handle your issue