I am a naturalized citizen as I was adopted in 1989. During one of my moves, I have lost my original Certificate of Naturalization. I do have my adoption papers from Korea, my SS card, and state ID (old and new). Can I obtain a passport with these?

If you have never received a U.S. passport before that will not suffice unfortunately. You will need to obtain another nat. cert. You can apply for a passport with proof of purchase and recieve a limited passport book. Once you receive your nat cert you can then get a full validity book.

Yes, that should suffice. Also there is a list from the passport office informing of acceptable i,d. if you want to check